Effect of Vaccination on Long-COVID: A Comprehensive Review and Approach

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of the most persistent and debilitating consequences of COVID-19 is long-COVID, a condition characterized by prolonged symptoms and organ damage that can last for months after the acute phase of the infection has resolved. Vaccination against COVID-19 has been shown to be effective in preventing severe disease and hospitalization, but its impact on long-COVID remains unclear. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the pathological mechanism and prevalence of long-COVID and the role of COVID vaccination in preventing and treating this condition. We examine the protective effects of vaccines against COVID-19 and long- COVID, including their efficacy within populations. We also explore breakthrough infections with long-COVID, reviewing studies on their incidence and the differences among vaccine brands. Finally, we summarize current research progress and limitations, and we provide future perspectives on this important topic. Our findings suggest that COVID vaccination may play a crucial role in preventing long-COVID, and further research is needed to fully understand its impact and to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.