Vol 7, Issue 3, Jul-Sep, 2017

The global burden of non-communicable diseases is rapidly increasing, and the essential management strategy is to follow a healthy lifestyle. Ayurveda can play a major role in this aspect, as the primary aim of Ayurveda is to prevent diseases by following a healthy lifestyle. However, in order to implement such classical knowledge (that is, healthy lifestyle based on Ayurvedic principles) into real practice, a systematic process needs to be followed. This systematic process must include robust research studies (that is, development and evaluation of Ayurveda-based lifestyle intervention) and behaviour change of people. This paper describes these two important steps in detail. In conclusion, there is a huge scope of implementing classical Ayurvedic knowledge into real practice, which will be beneficial to all of the society. Key words: Ayurveda, Healthy lifestyle, Research, Evidence-based, Behaviour change.

The paper examines 2483 global publications on thyroid research in India, as covered in Scopus database during 2007-16, experiencing an annual average growth rate of 10.76% and qualitative citation impact averaged to 4.75 citations per paper. India’s share of internationally collaborative papers (ICP) was 8.82% during 2007-16, which increased from 8.19% to 9.21% from 2007-11 to 2012-16. The top 10 most productive countries individually contributed global share from 3.67% to 25.88%, with largest global publication share coming from USA (25.88%), followed by Italy (8.15%), etc. Together, the 10 most productive countries accounted for 73.75% share of global publication output during 2007-16. Medicine accounts for the largest share (77.57%) in Indian thyroid research, followed by biochemistry, genetics & molecular biology (23.60%), pharmacology, toxicology & pharmaceutics (8.46%), agricultural & biological sciences (3.34%) and neurosciences (2.54%) during 2007-16. The top 15 most productive research organizations and the authors collectively contributed 31.70% and 11.24% respectively as their global publication share and 34.72% and 17.58% respectively as their global citation share during 2007-16. The journals accounted 23.23% share of total journal publication output during 2007-16, increasing from 19.62% to 25.66% between 2007-11 and 2012-16. Of the total thyroid research output from India, the top 13 highly cited publications registered citations from 83 to 422 and they together received 2023 citations, with 155.61 citations per paper. These 13 highly cited papers were published in 11 journals, of which 2 papers were published in American Journal of Transplantation and 1 paper each in 10 other journals. Key words: Thyroid research, Indian publications, Scientometrics, Bibliometrics.

Introduction: The State Poverty Eradication Mission of Government of Kerala- ‘Kudumbasree’ launched an innovative programme named Asraya for the destitute individuals. The health conditions and level of living seldom studied among these marginalized individuals. This study aims to assess the morbidity profile and Quality of Life (QOL) of the beneficiaries of the destitute rehabilitation project (Asraya) in Thiruvananthapuram district , Kerala. Methods: This crosssectional study was conducted among 150 beneficiaries of the destitute rehabilitation project in Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala, India. Sampling technique used was cluster sampling - Probability Proportionate to Size. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the baseline information and WHO QOL BREF was used to assess the quality of life.Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: Chronic non-communicable diseases topped the list in their morbidity profile. In general, the Quality of Life of these individuals was poor with a mean score of 30 (22.6). Domain wise analysis produced a score of above 40 in two domains namely physical and environmental. Younger age, access to nutrition, free from diseases and supervision by the authorities were important predictors of QoL. Conclusion: This group of individuals suffered from a multitude of diseases. QoL of the destitute was poor in general, with variations with respect to domains. The quality in the physical domain was relatively better than that in psychological domain. Key words: Health of the Destitute, Quality of life, Marginalized section, Standard of living, Asraya project, Poverty and health.

Background: Universal Immunization Programme aims at completing the primary immunization(Bacillus Chalmette–Guérin (BCG), Diphtheria, Pertussis (whooping cough) and Tetanus (DPT)3, Oral polio vaccine (OPV)3, and Measles) for all the children in the country by the time Children become one year old. Despite all the efforts put by governmental as well as non-governmental institutes for 100% immunization coverage, there are still pockets of low coverage areas existing. Socioeconomic Status (SES) is an important determinant of the standard of living and health status as it influences the incidence and prevalence of various health conditions. Objectives: Aim of the study was to undertake a comparative study of factors associated with Childhood immunisation at a Village and an urban slum in Pune amongst children of preschool age group. The study intended to compare the factors associated with Childhood immunisation at rural and urban areas in children of preschool age group and to find out reasons for non compliance and drop outs of immunisation, if any. Material and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional analytical study. All children in preschool age group (0-60 months) in these areas were included in the study. The mothers/ reliable informants in the family were individually interviewed, using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. A child was categorized as fully immunised, non-immunised, partially immunised and Immunised for Age. Results & Conclusion: Coverage of vaccines under UIP at urban & rural communities showed a marked variation. While BCG coverage was 87.7% & 79.8% in the two areas, OPV Zero coverage was 88.7% & 80.8%. Similarly, variation was noted in the coverage of the three doses of OPV/DPT. OPV-1 coverage was 85.8% & 72.4%, DPT-1 coverage was 92.2 % & 71.3 %, OPV-2 coverage was 79.9% & 78.5%, DPT-2 coverage was 80% & 69.4%, OPV-3 coverage was 66.4 % & 61.5 %, DPT-3 coverage was 64.3% & 60 % in urban and rural communities respectively. Measles coverage at urban & rural community was 72.5 % & 64.4 %. In both urban & rural communities there was a significant association between Immunisation coverage & mothers education. In both the communities, the main reason observed was ignorance 35.4% & 45.3% respectively at rural & urban community. Other common reasons include casual attitude of the parents (18.5% in urban area) and sick child (13% in rural area). Socioeconomic status had a great impact on the immunization coverage in the study. The need of the hour is an equitable, participatory and intersectional approach to health and health care. Provision of vaccination should not be treated as the sole responsibility of the health sector. Convergence, De-centralisation, Community participation and Social inclusion is the need of the hour. Intensive Health education should be undertaken to enhance respondents’ knowledge about the complete UIP program and to minimize the gaps regarding the knowledge about correct age of administration, doses, place of vaccination. Evidence-based approach to social mobilisation; develop and provide locally sensitive and appropriate and field-tested IEC resources. Focused efforts to strengthen routine immuni.

Introduction: Molecular screening of Thalassemia is a burning issue especially for developing country where birth rate is high and most of the victims are from rural and from economically downtrodden part of the society. Methods: The present study reports about the molecular diagnosis and pattern identification of Thalassemia carrier parents and females, who are in certain condition to determine their genotype of Chorionic Villi sample (CVS) to combat birth of new thalassemia baby. Result: Data suggest for the year 2014 and 15 that IVS 1-5(G-C) genotype heterozygous is the most prevalent for each year and affected CVS are either IVS 1-5(G-C) homozygous or compound heterozygous cases containing IVS 1-5(G-C). Bihar, Hooghly, Kolkata, North 24 Parganas, South Dinajpur and North Dinajpur is showing significant difference. Few regions are with a little laxity of patient flow for prenatal diagnosis. Conclusion: This data is useful to make a genetic micro map of West Bengal and also gives the vivid distribution of different Thalassemia gene across the state. Key words: Blood, Chorionic Villi Sample, Molecular Diagnosis, Thalassemia Carrier.

Background: In view of growing epidemic of diabetes it is important to assess how it affects various parameters of the disease especially in developing countries. Aim: To compare severity of illness, length of various hos pital stays and mortality in diabetics and non-diabetics. Material and methods: It was hospital record based study carried out at Deena Nath Mangeshkar Hospital and research centre, Pune. Patients admitted to intensive care unit from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2014 through emergency medical services were enrolled. Socio-demographic information, chief complaints, diabetes status, co-morbidities, Glasgow coma scale at initial examination, definitive diagnosis, and length of stay in intensive care unit, wards and total hospital stay and outcome of the patient were recorded from available data. Results: Data 1951 patients were analyzed. 37.6% were females, 62.4% were males. 45.8% were diabetics, out of them 28.81% were new cases. Though, co-morbidities were significantly more among diabetics, they were significantly less to have severe condition according to Glasgow coma scale (p=0.003). Diabetics had significantly less intensive care unit stay than non-diabetics (Mean 5.98 days (±6.579) vs 7.52 (±9.293) respectively, p=0.008). Ward stay and total hospital stay did not differ. Mortality did not differ among diabetics and non-diabetics (23.8% and 23.6% respectively, p=0.947). Conclusion: Though proportion of diabetics was very high among study subjects, diabetes did not contribute to any adverse outcome or length of hospital stay. Key words: Diabetes (DM), Severity of DM, Length of hospital stay (LOS), EMS.

Background: Type 1 diabetes is the third most common paediatric endocrine disease. India accounts for most of the adolescents with T1DM in South-East Asia. Adolescents with diabetes are at higher risk of developing several psychological disorders due to the psychosocial stress posed by the condition. Depression is the commonest among these illnesses and necessitates active and early detection by screening strategies. Materials and Methodology: This Hospital Based Cross sectional study was conducted for the period of six months. All the Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes visiting the hospital during the study period were included. Details regarding socio-demographic characteristics, diabetes and glycemic status were collected in a pre tested structured questionnaire by interview technique. Symptoms suggestive of depression were collected using Patient Health Questionnaire – 9 (PHQ-9). Results: Among 30 Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes included in the present study, majority, 18 (60%) were in the age group of less than 14 years and 20 (66.7%) were females. The magnitude of depression among the study subjects was 18 (60%) of which majority of the subjects 12 (80%) were having mild depression. There was a significant association between depression and uncontrolled glycemic status, higher dosage of insulin intake and not strictly following the dietary practices. Conclusion: There was a high burden of depression in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. There was a significant relationship between the preventable factors like glycemic control and dietary practices with depression. Key words: Adolescents, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Depression, Phq-9, Glycaemic Status.

Introduction: While the adolescents are trying to adapt to changing life styles and emerging challenges, they are also becoming increasingly aggressive/violent. This is largely attributable to increased competition, stress, and anxiety, besides poor parenting methods. Several studies seek to understand the causes for this delinquency and search for preventive interventions. Indian traditional texts claim that yoga is one of the important preventive interventions. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of yoga in addressing the non-clinical adolescents’ beliefs about aggression and alternatives compared to physical exercises (PE). Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty eight normal healthy adolescents participated in this ‘Randomized Control Trial’ design study (Yoga: 76, aged 14.03±1.00 years; PE: 82, aged 14.06 +/- 1.03 years). Yoga/PE intervention was for one hour a day, five days a week, for four weeks. Adolescents’ ‘beliefs about aggression and alternatives’ were measured using ‘beliefs about aggression and alternatives scale’ developed by Multisite violence prevention project (2004). Data analysis was done using SPSS 21.0. Results: Yoga practitioners significantly decreased their overall beliefs supporting aggression (p<.05) and significantly increased their beliefs favoring alternatives to aggression (p<.05), compared to PE practitioners. Conclusion: Four weeks yoga practice significantly reduces the adolescents’ beliefs supporting aggression and increases their beliefs supporting alternatives to aggression compared to PE. Key words: Yoga, Physical Exercises, Aggression, Beliefs about Aggression, Alternatives.

Background: Knowledge and identification of risk factors for preeclampsia will help in estimating each woman’s individualized risk and possibly reduce the recurrence risk of preeclampsia. So this study was conducted to assess and compare the socio-demographic profile of women with and without preeclampsia and to determine the risk factors associated with preeclampsia. Methodology: This Hospital based Case control analytical study was conducted among 180 preeclampsia case and 180 control subjects at Mahila chikitsalaya, Jaipur, from June 2014 to May 2015. Results: Bivariate analysis found that preeclampsia was significantly associated with rural residence (p=0.033), joint family type (p=0.025), low education of head of family(p=0.007), young age at menarche (11-12years) (p<0.001) Anemia (P=0.034) and primiparity (p<0.001), Family history of preeclampsia (p<0.001) and hypertension (p=0.007) and Non veg. diet (p=0.042). Preeclampsia was not found to be significantly associated with history of previous abortion, inter pregnancy period and sex of last child of multiparous women and ANC characteristics, TT immunization, IFA tablets, twin pregnancy or gestational diabetes. In the multiple regression analysis, Age >30 years, Preobese (BMI=25-29.9), obese (BMI≥30 Kg/ m2), Primiparity, age of menarche at 12 years and rural residence were found to be independent risk factors associated with Preeclampsia. Conclusion: Age>30 years, Preobese, Obese,Primiparity, early age of menarche (12 years) and Rural residence were found as significant predictor for development of Preeclampsia. Most of these factors are non modifiable, but can be used to screen women during antenatal visits to identify those at higher risk of Preeclampsia. Key words: Preeclampsia, Risk Factor, Pregnancy.

We report a case of a young male Opioid user who was taking an exceptionally high dose of Spasmoproxyvon (SP). Investigations did not reveal any significant deleterious effect to his health although he was using five times more than the documented toxic dose. Key words: Opioid User, Spasmoproxyvon, Opioid Dependence.