Vol 12, Issue 4, Oct-Dec, 2022

Defining Public Health is a tough job, it does not have any definite limit. Here we cumulate knowledge from different fields of social sciences, health, and environmental sciences, which essentially makes public health a multidisciplinary field, at the same time we work in an interdisciplinary way, but on the other hand, public health transcends any orthodoxical conventional way to find the problem and attaining at a solution pertaining to population health. Here in this piece, we have attempted to present a novice’s perspective of what public health is. Keywords: Public Health, Preventive Health, Health Promotion.

Aim: The children are more prone for many diseases due their transitional immune system. Good health linked to reduced drop out and great education performance and productivity. Child are prone for the diseases such as malnutrition, infectious diseases, intestinal parasites, disease of skin, eye and ear, dental caries. Ayurveda explains Dinacharya, Rutucharya, Matravat Ahara, Kala Bhojana, Sadvritta etc. and N-number of the preparation for the prevention and management of this diseases which helps in better development of children for tomorrow. Methodology and Methods: A Systematic review and critical analysis of Ayurvedic literature and related article published on national and international journal. Results: The review reviled school going children suffer with malnutrition, infectious diseases, intestinal parasites, disease of skin, eye and ear, dental caries. Ayurvedic health promotive procedures like Dantadhavana, Rasayana, Asthavidi Ahara VIsheshayata etc. apt for school going children are discussed. Conclusion: Incorporating principals of Ayurveda in school health reduces the prevalence of health risk behaviour’s and promote healthy behaviours among the children which will have positive effect on health and also helps in building vibrant future for nation with healthy and skilled citizens. Keywords: School health, Ayurveda, Bala Roga, Problems of school children, Juvenile delinquency.

The study reviewed the publication growth and identified key players and traced the evolution of research themes on “RSV Infection in Children”. Using Scopus database, a keyword search was undertaken, which yielded 917 research records during 2002 to 2021. The retrieved research data was analyzed using a bibliometric analysis techniques and MS-Excel software. The co-authorship network visualization of authors, organizations and countries and cooccurrence network visualization of all keywords are visualized using VOSviewer software. The 917 papers were written by 4902 authors employed at 710 organizations based in 104 countries/territories and were published in 273 journals in the field. The top journals ranked by publication productivity were Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Journal of Infectious Diseases and PLOS One and by citation impact per paper were American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Therapy and Journal of ediatrics. Authors from countries contributed the most publications were USA, U.K. and China, and those contributing the most impactful publications were France, Japan and Spain. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, USA, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands, and MedImmune LLC Inc. USA are the three organizations with the most productive publications and Kenya Medical Research Institute, South African Medical Research Council, South Africa and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa are the organizations with most impactful organizations. Authors contributing the most were O. Ramilo (USA), E.A.F. Simoes (USA) and R.A. Karron (USA) and the most impactful papers were D.J. Nokes (U.K.), K.M. Edwards (USA) and C.B. Hall (USA). Based on collaboration network maps, there were significant collaborations based on common interests. According to the keyword co-occurrence diagram, the most frequent keywords are “Respiratory Synctial Virus”, “Respiratory Syncytial Pneumovirus”, “Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus”, “Hospitalization”, “Respiratory Tract Infection” and “Brochiolitis”. Analysis of 44 significant keywords showed that the research was distributed into 4 clusters, which indicates the most significant areas of current research. With the acceleration of the child diseases, the number of articles on “RSV in Children” is increasing rapidly. Bibliometric analysis of global research in this area for the last 20 years can provide useful information and meaningful reference to funding agencies and researchers, enabling them to explore current research status and identify the future areas and hotspots. Keywords: Respiratory Syncytial Viruses Infection, RSV Infection, Respiratory Virus, Children, Global Publications, Scientometrics, Bibliometrics.

Background: FGF-23 regulates phosphate homeostasis and has a correlation with morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular episodes and chronic renal conditions. The risk of subclinical atherosclerosis can be predicted by measurements of the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery. The objective of this studyisto study therelation between serum FGF-23 levels and Carotid intima-media thickness in the early stages of CKD. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at MLN Medical College, SRN Hospital, Prayagraj and Tejas Microdiagnostics. The study design adopted was prospective and observational. A total of 270 newly diagnosed CKD patients were enrolled as cases while 90 patients without CKD were taken as control. Highresolution ultrasonography was utilised to measure Carotid artery intima-media thickening. Serum FGF-23 levels were performed at the beginning of study, along with other baseline investigations and were repeated on 6th and 9th months respectively. Results: Among the case group of CKD, the mean age was 54.8+2.1 years with male to female proportions representing 62% and 38%, respectively of the control group consisted mean age distribution of 51.0 + 2.1 years a and male-female proportion of 58% and 42%, respectively. It was observed that FGF-23 levels and Carotid intima-media thickness measurements were high in patients than in controls. A statistically significant correlation at 0.01 levels was observed between FGF-23 and the Carotid intima-media thickness. Conclusion: Our study clearly establishes a strong correlation between FGF-23 and CIMT indicating that FGF-23 plays an important role in the development of vascular calcifications in early stages of CKD. Subclinical atherosclerosis in CKD patients can be predicted by monitoring of their FGF-23 and CIMT level. Keywords: FGF-23, Carotid intima-media thickness, CKD, Association.

Background: The private health sector has a significant role in the delivery of health services in India. However, given fast changing COVID-19 pandemic, it is critical to understand the role of the private health sector in delivery of services going forward. The supply of COVID-19 vaccines is firmly regulated by the Government of India and the private sector received unrestricted access to vaccine supply directly from manufacturers from June 2021 onwards. Materials and Methods: PATH carried out a rapid assessment of private health facilities in the state of Maharashtra to understand the challenges faced by private facilities in providing COVID-19 vaccination. Results: During the assessment it was found that 100% of the private health facilities have a robust cold chain system which is essential for safe storage of COVID-19 vaccines and delivery of immunization services. The in-charges of the health facilities reported difficulty in estimating requirement of COVID-19 vaccines doses, as 67% of the beneficiaries in Mumbai and Nashik were direct walk-ins. During the assessment 93.3% of the facilities were observed to have adequate availability of COVID-19 vaccines doses, based on the beneficiary registration data for the day. Ministry of Health, Government of India, recommends a trained 5-member vaccination team for providing services at each vaccination site. Conclusion: The key challenges faced by private health facilities during delivery of COVID-19 immunization were associated with differential vaccine pricing, time taken to receive supply of vaccines, difficulties in accurately estimating vaccine demand, multiple record keeping at the facility level and declining vaccine demand. Keywords: Vaccination, Service delivery, COVID–19 pandemic, Private health sector.

Background: Indiscriminate use of colistin for gram-negative infections has led to increase incidence of colistin resistance. The problem of nosocomial infections especially caused by multi-drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB), particularly Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae is a matter of great concern. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of colistin resistant gram-negative isolates from patients attending outdoor patient department (OPD), those admitted in wards and Intensive care unit from a Tertiary care centre in North-East India. Materials and Methods: Clinical samples obtained were processed using standard microbiological methods. The gram-negative isolates showing colistin resistance by Kirby- Bauer’s disc diffusion method were included and further subjected for MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) testing by VITEK-2 system followed by confirmation by Broth microdilution method. Results: Colistin resistance was observed in 26 isolates out of 1040 gram-negative isolates using Broth microdilution method. The MIC values varied from 8 to ≥ 32 μg/ml. Majority of them belong to Pseudomonas species followed by Acinetobacter species and were highly resistant to ß-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones. Conclusion: This study highlights an increasing trend of colistin resistance amongst multidrug resistant (MDR) gram-negative isolates warranting routine screening for colistin resistance to guide appropriate therapy for future use. Keywords: Broth microdilution, Colistin, Disc diffusion, Multidrug resistant organisms, VITEK-2.

Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity (CHO) has gradually increased in India over the past two decades and has necessitated advanced research to address it. Assessing CHO-related research conducted so far is necessary to guide future research. However, a bibliometric assessment of Indian CHO research is unavailable. Aim: The study aimed to map the CHO research published in India during the last two decades. Materials and Methods: The publication data was retrieved from Elsevier’s Scopus database using a predefined search strategy. The quality of publications was assessed using indicators such as citations per paper (CPP), relative citation index (RCI), and Hirsch index (HI). Results: India contributed 705 (1.8%) to a global total of 37,762 publications and is currently ranked 15th in CHO-related research; the top 3 countries are the USA, UK, and Australia with 38.1%, 9.6%, and 6.5% publication share respectively. The annual growth in India’s publications was 27.4% compared to the global average of 8.7%. The research quality has declined (average CPP 50.6 during 2002-2011 and 25.4 during 2012-2021). Only 25.2% of publications were internationally collaborative. The most productive organizations were AIIMS, New Delhi, PGIMER, Chandigarh, and St. John’s Research Institute, Bengaluru, whereas Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, J&K, and Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi were the most impactful. CS Yajnik, N Tandon, and V Khadilkar were the most prolific, whereas A Laxmaiah, HPS Sachdev, and V Mohan were the most impactful authors. Seven of the ten top productive journals were Indian, but only three were among the most impactful. Conclusion: India lags in CHO research behind other countries having similar current and future projections for the prevalence of CHO. Its research output, but not impact, has increased over the past two decades. India’s international collaboration in CHO research is meager. Our analysis identifies the contributions of various stakeholders in addressing CHO and provides a framework for researchers, policymakers, organizations, and national government for future research to develop interventions for effective prevention and control of CHO. Keywords: Scientometrics, Obesity, Child obesity, Overweight, Bibliometrics, Research output.

Introduction: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) is remarkably variable in India. There is lack of data with regard to prevalence and predictors of MS and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) from eastern part of Uttar Pradesh. We designed this study in order to know the prevalence and predictors of MS and it’s association with VDD from this area. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Varanasi. Data was collected from newly onset diabetic patients over a period of one year. Results: Among 309 diabetic patients, 71.84%, 73.79%, 77.02% and 83.17% were found to have MS by different criteria. Central obesity was the highest predictor of MS. This is followed by raised triglyceride, low high density lipoprotein cholesterol and hypertension. VDD was found in 59.09% and 70.21% of male and female patients respectively. VDD was more prevalent in MS patients. Conclusion: Prevalence of MS is very high in newly onset diabetic patients and it is strongly associated with VDD. Hence routine screening of MS and VDD in newly onset diabetic patients is essential for early diagnosis and treatment of both conditions to prevent the cardiovascular disease. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, Diabetes mellitus, Vitamin D deficiency, Prevalence.

Background: The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) HRQoL continues to be understudied among family caregivers with chronically ill children especially in developing countries like Malawi. Aim: This study aimed to assess health-related quality of life and determine the sociodemographic factors associated with the health-related quality of life of caregivers of children with lymphoma at a referral hospital in Malawi. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at a referral hospital in Malawi, and 107 caregivers were recruited. The Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire 36-Item Short Form was used to collect data which were analysed using SPSS Version 25. Results: All 107 targeted participants were assessed. Both the physical health component and the mental health component mean scores were low (M=50.63, SD=11.86 and M=45.51, SD=11.95, respectively). Time since diagnosis of the child’s cancer accounted for significant differences in both the physical and mental health components’ mean scores (F(2, 104)=5.030, p=0.002 and F(2, 104)=5.030, p=0.006, respectively). The caregivers >41years old, those who were married, those who were employed, and caregivers whose children were diagnosed >12 months were among those more likely to report a better physical health perception compared to those without these characteristics. Conclusion: The health-related quality of life of the caregivers at the referral hospital was severely impaired. The findings suggest that caregivers of children with lymphoma have the potential to develop more serious mental and physical health problems; hence, interventions to mitigate the burden of caring for children with lymphoma are needed. Keywords: Family caregivers, Health-related quality of life, Lymphoma, Physical health, Mental health, Medical outcomes questionnaire, Central hospital, Malawi.

Introduction: The nutritional status of old age people is frequently overlooked in many lowincome countries, like Ethiopia, although appropriate nutritional assessment improves their health. The Mini Nutritional Assessment tool has multiple versions with confirmed validity in diverse languages but not in Amharic. Thus, this study aimed to translate Mini Nutritional Assessment tool into the Amharic language and validate it among old age people in Bahir Dar City. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional and conducted in three stepwise phases from January 16 to March 13, 2021. A total of 10 experts and 180 communitydwelling old age people were respectively selected in heterogeneous purposive sampling and multistage cluster sampling from Bahir Dar City. Principal component analysis was used to measure construct validity while Cronbach’s alpha was employed to assess internal consistency reliability. Results: As experts reviewed, all items in the translated tool are socially acceptable and have no taboo or sensitive words. The translated tool’s item content validity ranged from 0.60 to 1.00 and its content validity ratio was 0.93. Moreover, the construct validity of the tool was confirmed with factor loadings ranging from 0.47 to 0.89 with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.65. The tool had a sensitivity and specificity of 97% and 83%, respectively. Conclusion: The Amharic version of the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool showed good cross-cultural adaption, internal consistency reliability, and construct validity in Bahir Dar community-dwelling old age people. The tool can be used in regular care activities for aged people. Keywords: Malnutrition, MNA tool, Old age people, Translation, Validation, Ethiopia.